Seong Hyeon Choi

HomeSeong Hyeon Choi
Seong Hyeon Choi
Seong Hyeon Choi
Seong Hyeon Choi is a research fellow at the Central European Institute of Asian Studies (CEIAS) and a specialist in Chinese military affairs, North Korea’s foreign and nuclear policy, and South Korea’s defense ties with Europe.
Seong-Hyeon-Choi
Seong Hyeon Choi

Seong Hyeon Choi is a research fellow at the Central European Institute of Asian Studies (CEIAS) and a specialist in Chinese military affairs, North Korea’s foreign and nuclear policy, and South Korea’s defense ties with Europe.

China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy is considered to have the world’s largest naval fleet with around 370 vessels, a status driven by an aggressive modernization campaign. A significant component of this expansion includes its nuclear-powered submarine capabilities, which are crucial for a credible sea-based nuclear deterrent.

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In a move that underscores the deepening geopolitical rivalry between Washington and Beijing over strategic industries, China on October 14, 2025, announced sanctions against five US-based subsidiaries of a South Korean shipbuilder. The sanctions, implemented under China’s Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, banned Chinese firms from doing business with listed entities.

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In further extending its hold over critical technologies, China deepened its control over the rare earth sector earlier this month, broadening restrictions from raw materials to critical processing and manufacturing technologies. Beijing imposed a stringent export licensing regime on technologies related to the entire rare earth value chain.

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China’s rise and the intensifying strategic competition between Beijing and Washington have driven South Korea to a crossroads in its foreign policy shift that is both old and new. It is now pushed closer to deciding on how to reposition itself in response to the growing uncertainties, rooted in the tensions between two great powers.

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China’s military parade on September 3, 2025, underscored Beijing’s ambition to become the central pillar of those opposing the United States’ global hegemony. Several moments highlighted this Chinese aspiration during the parade. The People’s Liberation Army showcased China’s nuclear triad for the first time, comprising land-based, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and nuclear-capable bombers.

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